Authors

Gerrit Walter Gong (born 23 December 1953) is an American diplomat, scholar, and religious leader who serves as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints—the first person of Chinese descent to hold this position. Born in Redwood City, California, he shares his birthday with Joseph Smith. His grandparents emigrated from China, and he has traced his ancestry 33 generations to First Dragon Gong, born in A.D. 837 during the Tang dynasty. Gong received a bachelor’s degree in Asian and University studies from Brigham Young University in 1977, then attended Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar, earning a master of philosophy degree in 1979 and a doctorate in international relations in 1981. His diplomatic career included service as special assistant to the undersecretary of state, special assistant to the U.S. ambassador in Beijing, personal advisor to the Chief Justice during his China visit, and executive officer for President George H.W. Bush’s visit to China. He held the Freeman Chair in China studies and served as Asia Director of the Center for Strategic and International Studies, testifying before Congress on East Asia issues. He has taught at Oxford, Johns Hopkins, Georgetown, and BYU, where he served as assistant to the president for planning and assessment until 2010. Gong was sustained as an Apostle on March 31, 2018, filling a vacancy created by the death of Thomas S. Monson. Married to Susan Lindsay since 1980, he is the first member of the Quorum of the Twelve in a multiracial marriage. They have four sons. His background in international relations and Chinese culture brings unique perspective to the Church’s global mission.

James McLean Ledford is a Christian transhumanist thinker and technologist whose work explores the convergence of faith, reason, and emerging technology. He came to broader attention within transhumanist circles through his participation in the Transhumanism and Spirituality conference held in 2010, where he presented on the theme of Christian transhumanism—situating the aspirations of the transhumanist movement within the theological and philosophical traditions of Christianity. In his 2010 presentation at the Transhumanism and Spirituality Conference, Ledford engaged with questions central to the Christian transhumanist philosophy: the moral imperative to overcome suffering and death, the relationship between human creativity and divine purpose, and the compatibility of technological enhancement with Christian anthropology. Drawing on scriptural and theological sources, he argued that the pursuit of radical human transformation need not stand in opposition to Christian faith, but may in fact represent a fulfillment of humanity's God-given capacity for reason, creativity, and stewardship. His perspective reflects a tradition of thought that sees science and technology not as rivals to spiritual life, but as instruments through which humanity participates in an ongoing work of creation and redemption. Ledford's engagement with these themes places him within a growing ecumenical movement of religiously committed transhumanists who seek to articulate a vision of the future that is at once technologically ambitious and spiritually grounded. Unlike secular transhumanism, which often brackets or dismisses metaphysical commitments, Christian transhumanism—as Ledford and others have framed it—insists that the deepest motivations for overcoming human limitation are themselves theological: rooted in love, hope, and the belief that creation is oriented toward flourishing. His work remains a meaningful contribution to the ongoing conversation between religious communities and transhumanist philosophy, a dialogue that the Mormon Transhumanist Association has been instrumental in fostering since its founding. Ledford's willingness to engage these questions publicly, and to articulate a coherent Christian framework for thinking about technological transformation, reflects the kind of intellectually serious, spiritually committed engagement that this conversation requires.

Jaxon Washburn is a Ph.D. student in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures with a focus on Armenian Studies at UCLA. He holds a Master of Theological Studies in History of Christianity from Harvard Divinity School (2023) and dual bachelor’s degrees in Religious Studies and History from Arizona State University (2021), both earned summa cum laude. Raised in an interfaith household, Jaxon has long been passionate about religious studies and interfaith activism, with early speaking engagements at venues including the Parliament of the World’s Religions and the United Nations. He formerly served as youth advisor for the Arizona Interfaith Movement and as a member of the Mormon Transhumanist Association. He went on to serve a mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Armenia—an experience that profoundly shaped the trajectory of his academic career. At Harvard Divinity School, Jaxon deepened his commitment to both scholarship and faith. He worked as a Research Associate with the Harvard Pluralism Project, contributing to efforts promoting religious literacy and interreligious engagement. His studies there also led to a published essay, “Mormonism: The Most American ‘Religious Other,’” in the Harvard Divinity Bulletin (Fall/Winter 2022). During his time at HDS, he developed a strong interest in Armenian religious history, studying Classical Armenian and working with Dr. Christina Maranci following the reestablishment of Harvard’s Mashtots Chair for Armenian Studies. Jaxon’s current research interests encompass the history of Christianity, Eastern and Armenian Christianity, mediums of interreligious exchange, and religious pluralisms in the South Caucasus. His earlier work on intersections between Hindu and Latter-day Saint traditions around themes of transfiguration and divine embodiment has broadened into a wider exploration of how religious communities interact, exchange, and develop across cultural boundaries.

Orson Pratt (1811–1881) was an original member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, a mathematician, and a prolific writer for the early Latter-day Saint movement. The younger brother of Parley P. Pratt, he was baptized on his nineteenth birthday in 1830 and ordained an apostle in 1835. He became the last surviving member of the original Twelve. On July 21, 1847, Pratt became the first Latter-day Saint to enter the Salt Lake Valley, arriving three days before the main pioneer company. He preached the first sermon in the valley and dedicated it to the Lord. He and William Clayton also invented a precursor to the modern odometer to measure their journey. Throughout his life, Pratt pursued his strong interest in mathematics and astronomy. He published New and Easy Method of Solution of the Cubic and Biquadratic Equations and Key to the Universe. He served as Church Historian and Recorder, edited Church periodicals, and divided the Book of Mormon and Doctrine and Covenants into verses with cross-references.

Pace Ellsworth is a marketing consultant specializing in small businesses within the technology and finance sectors. Born in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, as the son of diplomat and linguist Matt Alan Ellsworth, he possesses a global perspective and a keen interest in the intersection of technology and culture. Ellsworth graduated from Brigham Young University with a bachelor’s degree in linguistics and minors in both Spanish and Linguistic Computing. This diverse academic background informs his approach to marketing and communication, particularly within the rapidly evolving tech landscape. He describes himself as an anarcho-transfigurist, demonstrating an interest in the radical potential of technology to reshape society and individual agency. Ellsworth’s core interests lie in classical liberalism and futurism. He emphasizes the importance of individual agency and the power to act according to one’s conscience. He champions solutions that expand freedom and progress away from limitations, especially using technological progress to connect individuals across the planet to collaborate and solve problems.

Ralph Spencer Steenblik is an emerging voice in the field of architecture, exploring innovative intersections of technology, urbanism, and sustainability. As a graduate student at the Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc), his academic focus centers on neuromorphic architecture and compact urbanism—areas that reflect a deep interest in the future of human habitats. Steenblik’s work demonstrates a commitment to moving beyond traditional paradigms of urban development. He advocates for an “ecosystem mentality” that emphasizes the transformation of waste products into resources, promoting true sustainability. His research draws inspiration from decentralized organizational models like swarm theory, suggesting a vision of urban spaces as interconnected, self-organizing systems. His presentation at the Transhumanism and Spirituality 2010 conference explored transhumanism as not just a merging of humans and machines but as a “superorganism” of the human family. This perspective suggests a belief that collective action and a unified approach can unlock new potentials for societal progress.

Robert Walden Kurtz is a Seventh-day Adventist minister, psychologist, and advocate for the convergence of religious faith and transhumanist aspiration. He holds a Master of Divinity from Andrews University (1990) and a Ph.D. in Psychology from Saybrook University (2022), and has served in roles spanning pastoral ministry, law enforcement, and academia—including service as a dean and professor of philosophy. Kurtz is perhaps best known within the life-extension and transhumanist communities for his insightful reflections on the intersections of technology, health, and Adventist theology. At the Religion and Transhumanism 2014 Conference, he delivered a compelling synthesis of his faith tradition’s history and transhumanist philosophy. Kurtz draws a poignant parallel between the origins of Adventism—born out of the “Great Disappointment” of 1844, when early believers deeply mourned the delay of their expected spiritual deliverance—and the overarching transhumanist hope of escaping death through technological advancement. Central to his thesis is the observation that Adventism’s foundational emphasis on health and longevity aligns naturally with transhumanist goals. He points to his denomination’s legacy of medical innovation—including pioneering smoking cessation programs, advancing proton therapy, and exploring xenotransplantation—as practical manifestations of the drive to push back against human biological limits. In his 2022 article, Transhumanism and the Future of Humanistic Psychology , Kurtz expands on these themes, asserting that humanity is no longer viewed simply as an isolated pinnacle being on Earth, but rather as an entity embedded in nature while inextricably intertwined with the technology its culture creates. While Kurtz acknowledges that not all members of his faith tradition share his enthusiasm for radical technological integration—often confronting skepticism regarding the blending of machinery with the human body—he remains a steadfast advocate for progress, dialogue, and civil liberty. He consistently calls on believers from every background to keep religious agendas out of government and champions the strict separation of church and state. Ultimately, Kurtz envisions a collaborative destiny for humanity, urging both secularists and the faithful to work together toward a future where we might “argue as immortals rather than die as rivals.”

Samuel Whitney Richards (1824–1909) was an early Latter-day Saint leader who served missions to Great Britain and held various church callings throughout his life. His contributions to the Millennial Star and other publications explored the nature of prophets and revelation. He taught about the continuity of prophetic gifts and the importance of personal spiritual experience in understanding divine truth. Richards was part of the generation that helped establish the Church in the Mountain West and contributed to the theological development of Latter-day Saint thought on ongoing revelation.

Ugo Perego is a senior researcher at the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation and a native of Italy. He holds a doctorate in molecular biology and specializes in genetics at the molecular level. His work encompasses both anthropological investigations of human migration and genealogical research, tracing family history through molecular biology. Perego’s involvement with the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation stems from its founder, James LeVoy Sorenson’s, vision to promote understanding and peace through genetics. Sorenson, who passed away in 2008, believed that demonstrating the close genetic relationships between individuals worldwide could foster greater cooperation and empathy, a goal that aligns with transhumanist ideals of improving human life. Perego’s research explores how DNA information and discoveries in the last two decades have revolutionized cultural and religious traditions, as well as changed views of humanity with regard to religions and other fields. He approaches these subjects with the explicit goal of tying them to the Mormon Transhumanist Association’s purpose and values.