Authors

Athanasius of Alexandria (c. 296–373 AD) was one of the most influential theologians in Christian history, serving as the twentieth Pope of Alexandria and playing a decisive role in the development of Trinitarian doctrine. His lifelong defense of the Nicene Creed against Arianism earned him the title ‘Father of Orthodoxy,’ while his writings on the incarnation articulated a vision of human transformation that continues to resonate in Eastern Orthodox theology and beyond. Born in Alexandria, Egypt, Athanasius received a thorough education in Greek literature, philosophy, and Christian scripture. As a young deacon, he accompanied Bishop Alexander to the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD, where he witnessed the formulation of the creed that would define Christian orthodoxy. Three years later, at approximately thirty years of age, Athanasius succeeded Alexander as bishop of Alexandria—a position he would hold for forty-five years despite being exiled five times by various emperors sympathetic to Arianism. Athanasius ’ s most enduring theological contribution appears in his treatise On the Incarnation , written when he was still a young man. In this work, he articulated the doctrine of theosis—the belief that God became human so that humans might become divine. This concept, sometimes expressed as ‘God became man that man might become god,’ became central to Eastern Orthodox spirituality and has profound implications for understanding human potential and destiny. Throughout his tumultuous career, Athanasius faced opposition from Arian bishops, imperial persecution, and periods of exile in the Egyptian desert, Rome, and elsewhere. Yet he persisted in defending what he understood as apostolic faith against theological compromise. His friendship with the desert monks, including Anthony the Great, influenced his biography of Anthony, which became foundational for Christian monasticism and hagiography. Athanasius’s doctrine of theosis resonates profoundly with transhumanist themes. His vision of humanity’s potential for transformation and participation in divine nature anticipates contemporary discussions of human enhancement and transcendence. The idea that humans are destined for a radical elevation of their nature—not merely moral improvement but ontological transformation—connects ancient Christian theology with modern aspirations for human flourishing beyond current limitations.

Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis (354–430), commonly known as Augustine of Hippo or Saint Augustine, was a theologian, philosopher, and Bishop of Hippo Regius in Roman North Africa. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy. Augustine's major works include Confessions , a pioneering spiritual autobiography, and The City of God , a monumental defense of Christianity against pagan criticism following the sack of Rome. His theological contributions shaped doctrines on original sin, divine grace, predestination, and the nature of the Trinity. Before his conversion to Christianity, he explored Manichaeism and Neoplatonism, and his synthesis of Christian doctrine with classical philosophy profoundly influenced medieval thought, the Protestant Reformation, and modern philosophy alike. Augustine's concept of deificatio (divinization) — the idea that humanity is called to participate in the divine nature — resonates with Mormon Transhumanist themes of theosis and the elevation of human potential. His emphasis on humanity's restless longing for God ("Our hearts are restless until they rest in You") speaks to a vision of human beings as fundamentally oriented toward transcendence. However, significant tensions exist between Augustine's theology and Mormon Transhumanist thought. Augustine's doctrine of original sin and total human depravity, his skepticism of unaided human will, and his emphasis on predestination stand in marked contrast to Latter-day Saint affirmations of human agency, moral capacity, and an optimistic anthropology. Additionally, Augustine's commitment to creatio ex nihilo and the absolute ontological distinction between Creator and creature diverges from Mormon theology's more materialist and continuity-oriented understanding of God and humanity. Nevertheless, Augustine's enduring call to seek wisdom, his insistence that faith and reason are complementary, and his vision of humanity's ultimate union with the divine ensure his lasting relevance to conversations at the intersection of faith, philosophy, and human flourishing.

Basil of Caesarea (330–379 AD), known as Basil the Great, was a bishop and influential theologian who supported the Nicene Creed. He was one of the Cappadocian Fathers, along with his brother Gregory of Nyssa and friend Gregory of Nazianzus. Basil made significant contributions to Christian monasticism and liturgy. His writings on the Holy Spirit explore how souls illuminated by the Spirit become spiritual themselves and send forth grace to others, becoming like God through divine participation. He established guidelines for monastic life that influenced both Eastern and Western monasticism, and his liturgy is still used in Eastern Orthodox churches. Basil’s theology of deification emphasizes the transformative work of the Holy Spirit in making humans partakers of the divine nature.

Ben Blair holds a PhD in philosophy and education from Teachers College, Columbia University. He is the co-founder of Newlane University—a platform focused on deinstitutionalizing education. An active member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Blair’s work and perspective explore the intersection of religious community and secular ideals. He is particularly interested in how religious and post-religious communities can work towards shared goals, and he questions the equation of any particular organization with the broader concept of the 'kingdom of God'. Blair, along with his wife, Gabrielle Blair, resides in France and they are the parents of six children. He presented at Sunstone West and is an attendee and speaker at Mormon Transhumanist Association conferences, where he explores the philosophical implications of faith, community, and progress.

Clive Staples Lewis (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963) was a British author, literary scholar, and Anglican lay theologian who became one of the twentieth century’s most influential Christian apologists. Born in Belfast, Ireland, he was educated in England and spent most of his adult life at Oxford and Cambridge universities. Lewis rejected Christianity in his early teens and lived as an atheist through his twenties. His conversion came gradually—to theism in 1930 and to Christianity in 1931—significantly influenced by conversations with his close friend J.R.R. Tolkien. During a famous stroll along Addison’s Walk at Oxford, Tolkien argued that unlike myths, the gospel narratives are true—the myth that became fact. In 1941, Lewis was invited to deliver radio broadcasts on Christianity during World War II’s darkest moments. These broadcasts, later published as Mere Christianity (voted best book of the twentieth century by Christianity Today in 2000), launched his career as a public apologist. He held positions in English literature at Magdalen College, Oxford (1925–1954), and later at Magdalene College, Cambridge, which created a chair specifically for him after Oxford repeatedly passed him over, partly for his open Christian advocacy. Lewis’s works of greatest lasting fame include The Chronicles of Narnia , which has become one of the bestselling fantasy series in history. He explained that Aslan is not allegorical but an imaginative exploration of what Christ might be like in another world. His other apologetic works include The Screwtape Letters , Miracles , and The Four Loves . Lewis’s ability to make Christian faith intellectually compelling and imaginatively vivid continues to influence readers across traditions.

Carl Teichrib is a Canadian-based researcher, writer, and communicator focusing on historical and contemporary worldview shifts. His work examines political and economic globalization and socio-religious trends, often from a Christian perspective. He is known for his in-depth analysis of the structures of transformation taking place in society. Teichrib is the editor of Forcing Change , a monthly publication dedicated to documenting and analyzing these transformations. He is a frequent guest on radio talk shows, and his research has been utilized by other researchers, authors, and commentators. Embracing an evangelical conservative Christian worldview, Teichrib is pro-liberty (opposed to politically imposed equality), pro-individualism (opposed to consensus collectivism), and pro-free market voluntary exchange. At the MTAConf 2013, he presented a Christian critique of Christian transhumanism, exploring the core tensions between these perspectives.

Titus Flavius Clemens , known as Clement of Alexandria (c. 150 – c. 215 AD), was a Christian theologian and philosopher who taught at the Catechetical School of Alexandria. A convert to Christianity, he was an educated man who was familiar with classical Greek philosophy and literature. As a writer and teacher, Clement sought to demonstrate the harmony between faith and reason, and between Christian doctrine and Greek philosophy. He is best known for his trilogy of works: the Protrepticus (Exhortation), the Paedagogus (Tutor), and the Stromata (Miscellanies). Clement’s theology emphasized the role of the Logos in the creation of the world and the enlightenment of humanity. He taught that the goal of the Christian life is deification (theosis)—becoming like God through the pursuit of knowledge (gnosis) and the practice of virtue.

Cyprian of Carthage (c. 210–258 AD) was a bishop and early Christian writer who played an important role in developing Christian thought on the nature of the Church and the role of bishops. Born to a wealthy pagan family in North Africa, Cyprian converted to Christianity around 246 AD and was elected bishop of Carthage just two years later. During the Decian persecution, he went into hiding but continued to lead his community through letters. His writings address church unity, the validity of sacraments, and the process by which humans may become like God. He taught that Christ became what man is so that man may also become what Christ is—a clear articulation of the deification theme. Cyprian was martyred during the Valerian persecution in 258 AD.

David Henry Fowler was an American educator, writer, and civic leader in the state of Utah, known for his decades of service in public education and his editorial contributions to early twentieth-century Latter-day Saint periodical literature. Born on May 8, 1879, in Hooper, Weber County, Utah, Fowler was the son of Samuel Fowler and Rachel Taylor. He was raised in a pioneer Latter-day Saint household during a formative period in Utah's territorial and early statehood history, and from an early age demonstrated an aptitude for study that would shape the trajectory of his life's work. In 1906, Fowler was called to serve a proselytizing mission for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Northern States Mission. His capabilities as a writer and communicator were soon recognized, and he was transferred to the mission headquarters in Independence, Missouri, where he was appointed Associate Editor of Liahona, the Elders' Journal . This publication—one of the principal periodicals serving missionaries and members outside the Intermountain West—provided doctrinal instruction, mission news, and devotional literature to a wide readership. Fowler's editorial labors placed him among a small circle of early twentieth-century Latter-day Saint writers helping to amplify the voice of the Church during a period of expanding national presence. Fowler pursued higher education at the University of Utah, completing his degree in 1919. His academic pursuits translated directly into a career in public education, where he rose to serve as both a high school principal and a superintendent of schools in Emery and Summit counties, Utah. In these roles, Fowler shaped the educational foundations of two rural communities at a formative moment in Utah's development as a state, helping to build institutional structures that would serve generations of students. Fowler's career reflected a lifelong conviction that education, faith, and community progress were inseparable. As an administrator, he worked to extend the reach of secondary schooling into communities whose economic realities often competed with classroom attendance, and as a writer and editor he helped articulate the intellectual and spiritual aspirations of his religious tradition for a dispersed readership.

David Oman McKay (1873–1970) served as the ninth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1951 until his death. Born on his father’s farm in Huntsville, Utah, to Welsh and Scottish immigrant parents, he graduated as valedictorian from the University of Utah in 1897. He served as principal of Weber Academy and married Emma Ray Riggs in 1901. Ordained an apostle in 1906, McKay served as an active general authority for nearly 64 years, longer than anyone else in Church history. He was superintendent of Sunday Schools, the Church’s first Commissioner of Education, and counselor in the First Presidency to both Heber J. Grant and George Albert Smith before becoming Church President. Under McKay’s leadership, Church membership tripled from 1.1 million to 2.8 million. He traveled more miles than all previous Church presidents combined, emphasizing worldwide Church growth. His teachings are captured in famous mottos including “Every member a missionary” and “No success can compensate for failure in the home.”